@evan where I live (central western Germany) traffic is dense and there are lots of national train connections. 500km is about the distance from here to Munich. Going there by car during the day would take at least 5-6 hours, breaks not included.
The fastest trains take 4.5 hours to get there.
However, all this is only valid on selected routes. If you'd need to switch trains more than twice to get somewhere, it's a totally different story.